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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Non-Coding RNAs in Primary Liver Cancer.

Michele Ghidini1, Chiara Braconi2

  • 1Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research , London , UK ; Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Milano , Italy.

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Summary

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) show promise in diagnosing and treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review covers recent microRNA and long ncRNA discoveries for potential clinical applications in HCC.

Keywords:
HCCliver cancerlong non-coding RNAmicroRNAnon-coding RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatobiliary Medicine
  • Molecular Oncology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent liver cancer with limited treatment options.
  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their roles in cancer development.
  • Understanding ncRNA functions is crucial for advancing HCC therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in microRNA and long ncRNA research in HCC.
  • To discuss the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of ncRNAs in HCC.
  • To evaluate the clinical applicability and limitations of ncRNAs for HCC management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on ncRNAs in HCC.
  • Analysis of key findings regarding microRNAs and long ncRNAs in hepatocarcinogenesis.
  • Synthesis of current evidence on ncRNA-based diagnostics and therapeutics.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs and long ncRNAs significantly influence HCC development and progression.
  • ncRNAs demonstrate potential as biomarkers for HCC diagnosis and prognosis.
  • Emerging ncRNA-based therapies show promise for HCC treatment.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs represent a promising area for novel HCC diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research is needed to overcome limitations and translate ncRNA findings into clinical practice.
  • Targeting ncRNAs could offer new hope for improving outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.