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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
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Proteome analysis in thyroid pathology.

Fabio Pagni1, Vincenzo L'Imperio, Francesca Bono

  • 1Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.

Expert Review of Proteomics
|July 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid cancer detection is increasing. Proteomic research offers new diagnostic tools for better patient management and understanding of thyroid nodules.

Keywords:
MS-imagingcancerdiagnosismass spectrometryproteomicsthyroid

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biochemistry
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Thyroid cancer incidence is rising, necessitating improved diagnostic methods for patient stratification.
  • Current clinical research aims to develop novel tools for managing thyroid nodules with significant biological, practical, and economic impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the role of proteomic research in identifying new diagnostic targets for thyroid carcinoma.
  • To review various proteomic approaches and specimen types used in thyroid lesion investigation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing mass spectrometry profiling and imaging technologies for proteomic analysis.
  • Applying these methods to diverse human tissues including cytological specimens, frozen sections, and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues.
  • Exploring alternative specimens like cell lines, secretomes, and integrating metabolomics and lipidomics with proteomics.

Main Results:

  • Proteomic approaches are versatile and applicable to various thyroid tissue types.
  • Biomarker discovery is enhanced by using diverse specimens and integrated omics strategies.
  • The study reviews established and emerging proteomic techniques in thyroid pathology.

Conclusions:

  • Proteomics plays a crucial role in addressing open clinical questions in thyroid carcinoma.
  • Advancements in proteomic research are vital for developing improved diagnostic tools for thyroid nodules.
  • Integrating multiple omics approaches offers a comprehensive strategy for biomarker discovery in thyroid pathology.