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Uniform depth channel flow keeps fluid depth consistent along channels such as irrigation canals. In natural channels, such as rivers, approximate uniform flow is often assumed. This condition occurs when the channel’s bottom slope matches the energy slope, balancing potential energy lost from gravity with head loss due to shear stress. This balance prevents depth changes along the channel length, resulting in a steady, uniform flow.Uniform flow in open channels with a constant cross-section...
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Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
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How to Build a Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging LSCI System to Monitor Blood Flow
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Speckle contrast diffuse correlation tomography of complex turbid medium flow.

Chong Huang1, Daniel Irwin1, Yu Lin1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506.

Medical Physics
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A new 3D flow imaging system, speckle contrast diffuse correlation tomography (scDCT), accurately measures blood flow in deep tissues. This cost-effective system shows promise for human applications by imaging complex boundaries and heterogeneities.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Medical Imaging
  • Flow Imaging

Background:

  • Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is limited in deep tissue penetration.
  • Diffuse correlation tomography (DCT) offers deep tissue imaging but can be computationally intensive.
  • Combining LSCI and DCT can overcome limitations of individual techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a three-dimensional (3D) flow contrast imaging system using advanced LSCI theories and a finite-element DCT reconstruction scheme.
  • To create a system, termed speckle contrast diffuse correlation tomography (scDCT), capable of handling complex optical properties and boundaries.
  • To enable rapid flow contrast imaging for larger, in vivo applications, including humans.

Main Methods:

  • A reflectance-based optical system with a highly sensitive CCD camera was employed.
  • Four laser source positions and an optical switch enabled tomographic data acquisition from multiple projections.
  • The system was validated using liquid and solid tissue-like phantoms and computer simulations.
  • A smear correction algorithm was utilized for accurate measurements with the reflectance setup.

Main Results:

  • scDCT measurements of deep flow indices in a homogeneous phantom were within 12% of standard DCT.
  • The system successfully detected and validated a submerged heterogeneity in a solid phantom.
  • Reconstructed 3D flow contrast tomography accurately identified heterogeneity center, dimensions, and relative flow (within 3%).

Conclusions:

  • A cost-effective, CCD-based reflectance 3D flow imaging system was developed.
  • The system demonstrated rapid acquisition of dense boundary data with potential for translatability to real tissues.
  • A correction method was identified for accurate scDCT measurements in deep tissues.