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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrometry: Molecular Fragmentation Overview01:20

Mass Spectrometry: Molecular Fragmentation Overview

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The ionization of a molecule into a molecular ion inside the mass spectrometer causes instability in the molecule's structure due to the loss of an electron. This eventually leads to the fragmentation or breaking of some bonds in the molecule. The fragmentation occurs predominantly at specific bonds to yield relatively stable fragments.
One type of fragmentation pattern is the cleavage of a single bond in the molecular ion. The cleavage leads to a radical and a cation. The cleavage can occur at...
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Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
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Mass Spectrometry: Long-Chain Alkane Fragmentation01:18

Mass Spectrometry: Long-Chain Alkane Fragmentation

2.7K
The molecular ions of linear alkanes prefer to fragment at the carbon-carbon bond away from the end of the chain since the cleavage of an inner bond creates a stable carbocation and a stable radical. Consequently, the mass signals of linear alkanes feature intense peaks in the middle of the mass-to-charge ratio plot with weaker peaks on either end. The fragmentation of each carbon-carbon bond with the release of a methyl group in each splitting leads to prominent peaks in the mass spectra...
2.7K
Mass Spectrometry: Carboxylic Acid, Ester, and Amide Fragmentation01:01

Mass Spectrometry: Carboxylic Acid, Ester, and Amide Fragmentation

2.8K
The fragmentation patterns observed for compounds such as carboxylic acids, esters, and amides in the mass spectra include ⍺-cleavage and McLafferty rearrangement. Fragmentation by ⍺-cleavage preferentially occurs at the carbon-carbon bond at the ⍺-position next to the carboxylic group to generate a neutral radical and a cation. Long chain compounds with hydrogen at their γ-carbon undergo McLafferty rearrangement to give a radical cation and a neutral alkene.
For example, the...
2.8K
Mass Spectrometry: Alcohol Fragmentation01:03

Mass Spectrometry: Alcohol Fragmentation

4.8K
Alcohols (R-OH) ionize to lose one non-bonded electron from the oxygen atom, forming molecular ions. Due to their tendency to fragment rapidly, the intensity of the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum is weak or sometimes absent. The fragmentation patterns for alcohols occur in two ways, i.e. ⍺-cleavage and dehydration. During ⍺-cleavage, the bond at the ⍺-position adjacent to the hydroxyl group cleaves to give a resonance-stabilized cation and a radical. However, intramolecular...
4.8K
Mass Spectrometry: Branched Alkane Fragmentation01:29

Mass Spectrometry: Branched Alkane Fragmentation

2.0K
This lesson delves into the mass spectrometry of branched alkane fragmentation. Branched alkanes possess secondary or tertiary carbon atoms, which generate relatively stable carbocations if the cleavage occurs at the branching point. The high stability of carbocations drives the instant fragmentation of branched alkanes. Accordingly, the branched alkane's molecular ion peak is very weak or invisible in the mass spectra, especially in comparison to a linear alkane.
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NMR-Based Fragment Screening in a Minimum Sample but Maximum Automation Mode
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Note: A high-efficiency multi-coincidence method designed for molecular fragmentation studies.

Enliang Wang1, Yaguo Tang1, Zhenjie Shen1

  • 1Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|July 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new multi-coincidence method enhances detector signal measurement. This technique significantly improves triple-coincidence efficiency for studying molecular fragmentation, like CO2(3+).

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic and Molecular Physics
  • Quantum Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Coincidence measurements are crucial for understanding multi-particle dynamics.
  • Traditional methods face limitations in efficiency and signal selection.
  • Advanced techniques are needed to capture complex fragmentation events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a high-efficiency multi-coincidence method using hardware electronic multiple coincidence units.
  • To enable selection and measurement of multi-hit signals from a single detector in coincidence.
  • To evaluate the performance of this novel method in molecular fragmentation studies.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of hardware electronic multiple coincidence units.
  • Development of a method for selecting and measuring multi-hit signals from single detectors.
  • Testing the method using electron impact three-body fragmentation of CO2(3+).

Main Results:

  • The developed method successfully measures multi-hit signals in coincidence.
  • Relative triple-coincidence efficiency improved by approximately 200%.
  • Absolute triple-coincidence efficiency improved by approximately 3 times compared to conventional methods.

Conclusions:

  • The novel multi-coincidence method offers significant improvements in efficiency.
  • This technique enhances the study of electron impact molecular fragmentation.
  • The method provides a more effective tool for multi-particle coincidence measurements.