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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Potentiation01:35

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory01:23

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Neurotransmitters are integral to the brain's communication system, enabling neurons to transmit signals across synapses. This chemical exchange underpins various cognitive functions, including memory processes. The role of neurotransmitters in memory is multifaceted, influencing the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories through their action on different neural circuits.
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Long-term Depression01:05

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Depression01:03

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Neuroplasticity01:01

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Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents
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Structural Components of Synaptic Plasticity and Memory Consolidation.

Craig H Bailey1, Eric R Kandel2, Kristen M Harris3

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032 Kavli Institute for Brain Sciences, New York, New York 10032.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|July 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Synaptic plasticity underlies memory formation in both invertebrates and mammals. Structural changes, including synapse remodeling and formation, are time-dependent, contributing to both transient and stable memory storage.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 7, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Memory consolidation involves synaptic plasticity, including synapse remodeling and formation.
  • Implicit memory in Aplysia and explicit memory in mammals share structural synaptic changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Compare and contrast structural components of synaptic plasticity in implicit and explicit memory.
  • Investigate the role of time-dependent structural changes in memory persistence.
  • Explore the reuse of developmental synapse formation mechanisms in adult synaptic plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of synaptic structural changes in Aplysia and mammalian hippocampus.
  • Examination of time-dependent structural modifications at synapses.
  • Investigation of trans-synaptic signaling in de novo synapse formation.

Main Results:

  • Structural synaptic plasticity underlies both implicit and explicit memory consolidation.
  • Time-dependent processes lead to transient and stable synaptic modifications.
  • Developmental mechanisms for synapse formation may be reutilized in adult synaptic plasticity.

Conclusions:

  • Synaptic structural rearrangements are crucial for memory expression and storage.
  • Understanding these mechanisms enhances our knowledge of memory's anatomical representation.
  • Transient and stable synaptic changes contribute to the formation and persistence of memories.