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Control of vortex rings for manoeuvrability.

Brad J Gemmell1, Daniel R Troolin2, John H Costello3

  • 1Eugene Bell Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA Biology Department, Providence College, Providence, RI 02908, USA brad.gemmell@utexas.edu.

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Jellyfish control fluid dynamics for maneuvering by distorting vortex rings with muscular bell margins. This biological mechanism offers insights into low-speed propulsion and bio-inspired engineering.

Keywords:
jellyfishmanoeuvrabilityposition controlswimmingvortex ring

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Biomechanics
  • Animal locomotion

Background:

  • Maneuverability is crucial for species survival, with animals exhibiting sophisticated control of fluid dynamics for propulsion.
  • Understanding biological propulsion mechanisms, particularly vortex dynamics in aquatic environments, is key for both biological insights and engineering applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) modulate vortex rings during turning maneuvers.
  • To elucidate the role of bell kinematics and musculature in generating asymmetric thrust for directional control.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized volumetric and planar imaging techniques to quantify vortex ring formation and interaction.
  • Employed fluorescent actin staining to identify muscle fiber distribution within the jellyfish bell margin.

Main Results:

  • Jellyfish distort individual vortex rings during turns to alter force balance, primarily via kinematic modulation of the bell margin.
  • A portion of the vortex ring separates from the body during turns, potentially increasing torque.
  • Radial muscle fibers are present along the bell margin, providing a mechanism for kinematic control.

Conclusions:

  • Jellyfish possess a biological mechanism involving radial muscles to actively alter bell kinematics for non-symmetric thrust generation.
  • This study provides new insights into the modulation and control of vorticity for low-speed animal maneuvering, with implications for bio-inspired engineering.