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Coronary artery disease pattern in the young.

D B Pahlajani, M H Chawla, K A Kapashi

    The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
    |May 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary

    Young patients with coronary artery disease often have significant vessel disease and abnormal heart function. Risk factors strongly correlate with the severity of coronary artery disease in this demographic.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Vascular Medicine
    • Preventive Cardiology

    Background:

    • Coronary artery disease (CAD) typically affects older individuals.
    • Early-onset CAD in patients under 40 presents unique challenges.
    • Understanding risk factors and disease patterns in young CAD patients is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate risk factors, angiographic findings, and left ventricular function in patients younger than 40 with CAD.
    • To determine the relationship between risk factors and the extent of coronary artery disease in young adults.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of 92 patients aged 40 or less with documented coronary artery disease.
    • Assessment of cardiovascular risk factors, including tobacco use and family history.
    • Coronary angiography to evaluate vessel involvement and left ventricular function (ejection fraction, end-diastolic pressure).

    Main Results:

    • Tobacco consumption (54%) and family history (40%) were the most prevalent risk factors.
    • Multi-vessel coronary artery disease was more common than single-vessel disease.
    • Abnormal left ventricular function (ejection fraction) was observed in 51% of patients.
    • A positive association was found between the presence of risk factors and significant CAD.

    Conclusions:

    • Young patients with coronary artery disease exhibit a high prevalence of multi-vessel involvement and impaired left ventricular function.
    • Tobacco use and family history are significant risk factors in this population.
    • The presence of risk factors is linked to more severe coronary artery disease in younger individuals, highlighting the importance of early detection and intervention.

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