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Modelling the multidimensional niche by linking functional traits to competitive performance.

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    This study introduces a new niche model using functional traits to predict how species compete under different environmental conditions. The model accurately forecasts competitive outcomes, aiding in understanding species distribution and adaptation to environmental change.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ecology
    • Evolutionary Biology
    • Theoretical Biology

    Background:

    • Understanding species' distributions and responses to environmental change requires linking competitive outcomes to environmental conditions.
    • Generalizable approaches for predicting competitive outcomes across abiotic gradients are lacking due to the complexity of biotic interactions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present and empirically test a novel niche model that uses functional traits to predict competitive outcomes across resource gradients.
    • To provide a generalizable method for predicting and modeling competitive outcomes in changing environmental contexts.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a novel niche model using functional traits to map organism niche space and predict competitive outcomes.
    • Conducted controlled microcosm experiments with genetically related microbial strains.
    • Quantified performance metrics to correlate with competitive ability across resource gradients.

    Main Results:

    • The model identified trait microevolution and performance differences among microbial strains.
    • Predicted competitive ability was mapped across a two-dimensional carbon and nitrogen resource space.
    • Identified areas of coexistence and competitive dominance, with predictions validated in approximately 95% of pairings.

    Conclusions:

    • Linking trait variation to competitive ability offers a generalizable approach for predicting competitive outcomes.
    • The model successfully predicts competitive outcomes across changing environmental contexts.
    • Demonstrated the utility of functional traits in ecological modeling for predicting species interactions.