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Related Concept Videos

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Exercise and Muscle Performance

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

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Performance Enhancement: What Are the Physiological Limits?

C Lundby1, P Robach2

  • 1Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Food & Nutrition & Sport Science, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden; and Carsten.lundby@uzh.ch.

Physiology (Bethesda, Md.)
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PubMed
Summary

Endurance exercise performance depends on factors like maximal oxygen uptake, which is stable. However, exercise economy, lactate threshold, and critical power can be enhanced through targeted training.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise physiology
  • Sports science
  • Human performance

Background:

  • Endurance exercise performance is crucial in many sports.
  • Identifying key physiological determinants is essential for optimizing athletic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify key physiological factors influencing endurance exercise performance.
  • To discuss methods for improving these physiological determinants.

Main Methods:

  • Review of physiological markers of endurance performance.
  • Analysis of factors influencing V̇o2max, exercise economy, lactate threshold, and critical power.

Main Results:

  • Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max) shows high stability during an athlete's career.
  • Exercise economy, lactate threshold, and critical power demonstrate potential for improvement.
  • Specific training regimens and extended training duration can enhance these parameters.

Conclusions:

  • While V̇o2max is largely fixed, other physiological factors offer avenues for performance enhancement.
  • Targeted training is key to improving exercise economy, lactate threshold, and critical power in elite athletes.