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Related Concept Videos

Esophagus01:24

Esophagus

4.8K
The esophagus, a muscular conduit linking the pharynx and stomach, measures roughly 10 inches (25.4 cm) and sits behind the trachea. It remains collapsed when not swallowing. The esophagus follows a predominantly straight path through the thoracic mediastinum and enters the abdominal cavity through a diaphragmatic opening known as the esophageal hiatus.
The movement of edibles from the pharynx into the esophagus is facilitated by the upper esophageal sphincter, which is formed primarily by the...
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Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

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Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...
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Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
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Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
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Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:22

Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

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Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Pathophysiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
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Esophageal development and epithelial homeostasis.

Sanne L Rosekrans1, Bart Baan1, Vanesa Muncan1

  • 1Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
|July 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Esophageal development pathways establish the organ and maintain adult homeostasis. Understanding these processes helps explain how chronic inflammation, like acid reflux, leads to Barrett

Keywords:
developmentendodermesophagushomeostasisstem cell

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Production, Characterization and Potential Uses of a 3D Tissue-engineered Human Esophageal Mucosal Model
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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Epithelial Biology

Background:

  • The esophagus transports food and lacks digestive functions.
  • Esophageal squamous epithelium resembles skin but arises from different germ layers.
  • Barrett's metaplasia is a precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review esophageal development and gut-airway separation.
  • Summarize mechanisms of adult esophageal epithelial homeostasis.
  • Examine molecular mechanisms of Barrett's metaplasia development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of developmental pathways.
  • Summary of homeostasis mechanisms.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms in metaplasia.

Main Results:

  • Developmental pathways are crucial for esophageal formation and adult homeostasis.
  • Chronic inflammation from acid reflux can induce metaplasia.
  • The hierarchy and existence of esophageal stem cells are under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Esophageal development pathways play a role in adult epithelial maintenance.
  • Insights into development and homeostasis aid understanding of Barrett's esophagus.
  • Further research is needed on esophageal stem cell populations.