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Related Concept Videos

The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

9.3K
Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

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The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in...
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Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
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Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

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All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
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Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue01:23

Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue

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Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
Bone Matrix
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a connective tissue that has a large amount of two different types of matrix material. The organic matrix is similar to the matrix material found in other connective tissues, including some amount of collagen and elastic fibers. This gives strength and flexibility to the tissue. The inorganic matrix consists of mineral salts— mostly calcium salts—...
8.1K
Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Using Real-Time Cell Metabolic Flux Analyzer to Monitor Osteoblast Bioenergetics
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Physiology of Bone.

Peter Grabowski1

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, Academic Unit of Human Nutrition, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.

Endocrine Development
|July 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bone is a dynamic tissue providing structural support, mineral storage, and marrow production. Recent research explores how mechanical loading can enhance bone strength in children and adolescents.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Bone Physiology
  • Molecular Cell Biology

Background:

  • Bone's traditional view as passive has evolved to recognizing it as a dynamic, adaptive tissue.
  • Bone performs critical functions including mechanical support, mineral homeostasis, and hematopoiesis.
  • Understanding bone's response to mechanical stimuli is crucial for skeletal health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in bone physiology and molecular cell biology.
  • To discuss the application of functional adaptation of bone to loading.
  • To explore methods for enhancing bone strength during childhood and adolescence.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on bone physiology.
  • Analysis of molecular and cellular mechanisms in bone adaptation.
  • Exploration of biomechanical principles related to bone loading.

Main Results:

  • Bone is a highly adaptive tissue responding dynamically to mechanical loads.
  • Molecular and cellular processes underlie bone's response to mechanical stimuli.
  • Functional adaptation to loading offers potential for improving bone strength.

Conclusions:

  • Bone's dynamic nature and adaptability are key to its strength.
  • Targeting mechanical loading can be a strategy to enhance bone development.
  • Further research can translate these findings into clinical applications for pediatric bone health.