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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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What is the Skeletal System?01:02

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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Author Spotlight: An Economic and Efficient Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Bone Microarchitecture in a Murine Osteoporosis Model
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Primary Osteoporosis.

Paul Arundel, Nick Bishop

    Endocrine Development
    |July 4, 2015
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Primary osteoporosis in children, often genetic, involves bone fragility. Advances in understanding and bisphosphonate therapy have significantly improved management and outcomes for affected children.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Endocrinology
    • Genetics
    • Bone Biology

    Background:

    • Primary osteoporosis in children presents as bone fragility, frequently with a genetic basis.
    • Osteogenesis imperfecta, a collagen disorder, is the most common cause in pediatric populations.
    • Recent advancements have deepened the understanding of primary osteoporosis's pathophysiology and genetics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the current understanding of primary osteoporosis in children.
    • To highlight diagnostic approaches and management strategies, including novel therapies.
    • To emphasize the multidisciplinary approach to care for pediatric patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current literature on pediatric primary osteoporosis.
    • Analysis of diagnostic tools including clinical examination, imaging, histology, and genetic testing.
    • Evaluation of therapeutic interventions, focusing on bisphosphonates and supportive therapies.

    Main Results:

    • Primary osteoporosis in children is diverse, with osteogenesis imperfecta being a leading cause.
    • Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical, imaging, histological, and genetic data.
    • Bisphosphonate therapy has transformed management, improving outcomes, alongside physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and surgery for severe cases.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management of pediatric primary osteoporosis necessitates a multidisciplinary team approach.
    • Bisphosphonates are the cornerstone of medical treatment, with ongoing research into new agents.
    • Therapeutic strategies aim to improve bone health, reduce fracture risk, and enhance functional independence.