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Elevated rates of mild cognitive impairment in HIV disease

David P Sheppard1, Jennifer E Iudicello2, Mark W Bondi2,3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.

Journal of Neurovirology
|July 4, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Older adults with HIV are at a significantly higher risk for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This finding suggests a potential increase in non-HIV-associated dementias as this population ages.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Growing population of older adults living with HIV.
  • Concerns regarding increased rates of non-HIV-associated dementias in this demographic.
  • Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) as a precursor to dementia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the prevalence of MCI in older adults (50+ years) with HIV.
  • To compare MCI rates between HIV-infected and HIV-seronegative individuals.
  • To identify factors associated with MCI in older HIV-positive adults.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study comparing 75 HIV+ adults on cART with undetectable viral loads to 80 HIV-seronegative controls.
  • Neuropsychological evaluation to classify MCI using a comprehensive diagnostic scheme.
  • Statistical analysis to determine the likelihood of MCI and associated factors.

Main Results:

  • HIV-infected individuals were over seven times more likely to be diagnosed with MCI (16%) compared to HIV-seronegative individuals (2.5%).
  • MCI in the HIV+ cohort was associated with older age, lower performance scores (Karnofsky), and difficulties with instrumental activities of daily living (iADLs).
  • MCI showed minimal overlap with asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment diagnoses.

Conclusions:

  • Older adults with HIV have a notably elevated risk of concurrent MCI.
  • This increased MCI prevalence may heighten the risk of developing non-HIV-associated dementias in aging HIV-positive individuals.
  • Highlights the importance of cognitive monitoring in older HIV populations.
Keywords:
Cognitive agingHIVMCINeuropsychology

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