Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cadherins in Tissue Organization01:19

Cadherins in Tissue Organization

4.6K
The cadherins are a superfamily of cell adhesion molecules comprising over 180 variants, with specific tissues expressing a particular combination of cadherin types. Cadherins generally exhibit homophilic binding; i.e., cadherins on one cell bind to cadherins of the same or closely related type on another cell. Thus, cells of the same type have a specific affinity to bind to each other and sort themselves into clusters to form tissues.
Cell Sorting During Development
Cell sorting plays an...
4.6K
Structure of Cadherins01:25

Structure of Cadherins

5.2K
The cadherins were one of the first cell adhesion molecules discovered; the term “cadherins”   is based on their calcium-dependent adhering properties. The first cadherins discovered on the epithelial, neuronal, and placental cells were named E-cadherin, P-cadherin, and N-cadherin, respectively. These classical cadherins share sequence and structural similarities. Other cadherins, including those involved in cell signaling, are grouped into non-classical cadherins. This...
5.2K
Catenins01:23

Catenins

3.3K
Catenins are characterized by multiple binding domains and dynamic structures that allow them to function as linker proteins in cell junction complexes. All catenins, except α-catenin, contain a characteristic protein sequence called the armadillo repeat and are therefore also called armadillo proteins.
Catenins in Cell Junctions
Catenins bind to cell adhesion molecules such as cadherins and link them to different cytoskeletal proteins depending on the type of cell junction. At the...
3.3K
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

4.6K
Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
4.6K
Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

3.3K
Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
3.3K
Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures01:32

Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures

2.8K
Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
2.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Extreme Diversity Of Retinal Amacrine Cells Has Deep Evolutionary Roots.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Author Correction: Single-cell atlas of the transcriptome and chromatin accessibility in the human retina.

Nature genetics·2026
Same author

Single-cell atlas of the transcriptome and chromatin accessibility in the human retina.

Nature genetics·2026
Same author

All-optical voltage interrogation for probing synaptic plasticity in vivo.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Altered proportions of retinal cell types and distinct visual codes in rodents occupying divergent ecological niches.

Current biology : CB·2025
Same author

A deep learning strategy to identify cell types across species from high-density extracellular recordings.

Cell·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Quantitative Analysis of Neuronal Dendritic Arborization Complexity in Drosophila
07:13

Quantitative Analysis of Neuronal Dendritic Arborization Complexity in Drosophila

Published on: January 7, 2019

14.8K

Protocadherin-dependent dendritic self-avoidance regulates neural connectivity and circuit function.

Dimitar Kostadinov1, Joshua R Sanes1

  • 1Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States.

Elife
|July 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neuronal self-avoidance and self/non-self discrimination, mediated by gamma-protocadherins (Pcdhgs), are crucial for starburst amacrine cell (SAC) circuit function and directional motion detection.

Keywords:
developmental biologydirection selectivitymouseneuroscienceretinaself-recognitionstarburst amacrine cellstem cellssynapse elimination

More Related Videos

Genetic Manipulation of Cerebellar Granule Neurons In Vitro and In Vivo to Study Neuronal Morphology and Migration
09:07

Genetic Manipulation of Cerebellar Granule Neurons In Vitro and In Vivo to Study Neuronal Morphology and Migration

Published on: March 17, 2014

14.4K
Bead Aggregation Assays for the Characterization of Putative Cell Adhesion Molecules
08:15

Bead Aggregation Assays for the Characterization of Putative Cell Adhesion Molecules

Published on: October 17, 2014

11.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Quantitative Analysis of Neuronal Dendritic Arborization Complexity in Drosophila
07:13

Quantitative Analysis of Neuronal Dendritic Arborization Complexity in Drosophila

Published on: January 7, 2019

14.8K
Genetic Manipulation of Cerebellar Granule Neurons In Vitro and In Vivo to Study Neuronal Morphology and Migration
09:07

Genetic Manipulation of Cerebellar Granule Neurons In Vitro and In Vivo to Study Neuronal Morphology and Migration

Published on: March 17, 2014

14.4K
Bead Aggregation Assays for the Characterization of Putative Cell Adhesion Molecules
08:15

Bead Aggregation Assays for the Characterization of Putative Cell Adhesion Molecules

Published on: October 17, 2014

11.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Neuronal self-avoidance and self/non-self discrimination are fundamental processes in neural development.
  • The functional significance of these processes, particularly in complex neural circuits, remains largely unexplored.
  • Starburst amacrine cells (SACs) are key components of the retinal direction-selective circuit.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional roles of self-avoidance and self/non-self discrimination in SACs.
  • To elucidate the involvement of gamma-protocadherins (Pcdhgs) in these processes within the direction-selective circuit.

Main Methods:

  • Manipulation of Pcdhg expression in retinal starburst amacrine cells (SACs).
  • Electrophysiological recordings from SACs and their target direction-selective ganglion cells (DSGCs).
  • Analysis of synaptic connectivity and circuit function.

Main Results:

  • Disruption of self-avoidance in SACs led to the formation of autapses.
  • Perturbation of self/non-self discrimination impaired SAC-SAC connections and Pcdhgs were essential for pruning connections between closely spaced SACs.
  • These structural alterations resulted in degraded direction selectivity of DSGCs.

Conclusions:

  • Self-avoidance and self/non-self discrimination mediated by Pcdhgs are critical for proper SAC connectivity.
  • These processes, including synapse elimination, are essential for the functional integrity of the direction-selective circuit.
  • The study highlights the importance of cell-cell recognition molecules in establishing functional neural circuits for motion detection.