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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Stressing out over long noncoding RNA.

Timothy E Audas1, Stephen Lee1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of cellular stress responses. These noncoding transcripts fine-tune cellular networks and may play roles in tumor suppression or oncogenesis.

Keywords:
CancerLong noncoding RNAStress Response

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Human genomic studies revealed fewer protein-encoding genes than predicted.
  • This created a need for new functional molecules to explain cellular complexity.
  • Noncoding RNAs, particularly long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are transcribed from most genetic material.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cellular stress responses.
  • To highlight lncRNAs as regulators of cellular networks.
  • To discuss the potential tumor suppressor or proto-oncogenic roles of stress-responsive lncRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of transcriptomics analyses.
  • Analysis of genomic studies.
  • Literature review on lncRNA function in cellular stress.

Main Results:

  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are the largest family of noncoding transcripts.
  • lncRNAs regulate diverse cellular stressors like heat shock, metabolic deprivation, and DNA damage.
  • Stress-responsive pathways regulated by lncRNAs often involve inhibition of cell proliferation.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are crucial for fine-tuning cellular networks.
  • Stress-responsive lncRNAs have implications as tumor suppressors or proto-oncogenes.
  • The functional significance of lncRNAs may rival that of proteins.