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Optineurin: The autophagy connection.

Hongyu Ying1, Beatrice Y J T Yue1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, 1855 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.

Experimental Eye Research
|July 6, 2015
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Summary

Optineurin acts as a selective autophagy receptor, linking protein aggregates and pathogens to cellular degradation pathways. Its role in autophagy is crucial for cellular health and disease, including neurodegenerative conditions.

Keywords:
AggrephagyAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)AutophagyAutophagy inducerAutophagy receptorMitophagyNormal tension glaucoma (NTG)Optineurin (OPTN)Protein aggregateTumor suppressorUbiquitin–proteasome system (UPS)Xenophagy

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Optineurin (OPTN) is a cytosolic protein involved in cellular processes.
  • Mutations in the OPTN gene are linked to normal tension glaucoma and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
  • Autophagy is a fundamental cellular degradation pathway with diverse physiological roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and highlight the intricate connections between optineurin and autophagy.
  • To elucidate optineurin's function as a selective autophagy receptor.
  • To explore optineurin's involvement in various autophagy-related processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of optineurin and autophagy research.
  • Analysis of optineurin's protein domains and their functions.
  • Examination of optineurin's role in different types of selective autophagy.

Main Results:

  • Optineurin functions as a selective autophagy receptor, bridging ubiquitinated substrates to autophagosomes via its ubiquitin-binding and LC3-interacting domains.
  • It mediates xenophagy, mitophagy, aggrephagy, and tumor suppression, and can remove protein aggregates independently of ubiquitination.
  • Overexpression or mutation of optineurin can induce autophagy and also render it a substrate for autophagic degradation.

Conclusions:

  • Optineurin plays a multifaceted role in selective autophagy, impacting cellular homeostasis and disease pathogenesis.
  • Understanding optineurin's regulation of autophagy provides insights into potential therapeutic strategies for associated diseases.
  • The dual role of optineurin as both an autophagy receptor and a substrate highlights its complex integration within the autophagic machinery.