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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
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Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
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DNA Methylation within Transcribed Regions.

Taiko K To1, Hidetoshi Saze1, Tetsuji Kakutani2

  • 1Department of Integrated Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan (T.K.T., T.K.); andOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0412, Japan (H.S.).

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intragenic DNA methylation, found in animals and plants, is a key epigenetic mechanism. This overview explores recent discoveries and unanswered questions about its role within transcribed genes.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • DNA methylation is a crucial epigenetic modification.
  • Intragenic DNA methylation occurs within transcribed regions of genes.
  • This phenomenon is observed across diverse taxa, including animals and plants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the understanding of intragenic DNA methylation.
  • To highlight the current knowledge gaps and unresolved questions in the field.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of intragenic DNA methylation in animals and plants.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications.
  • Synthesis of findings from diverse research studies.
  • Analysis of existing data on DNA methylation patterns.

Main Results:

  • Intragenic DNA methylation is a widespread biological phenomenon.
  • Recent studies have shed light on its regulatory roles and mechanisms.
  • Several key questions regarding its function and evolution remain unanswered.

Conclusions:

  • Intragenic DNA methylation plays significant roles in gene regulation.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate its functions and implications.
  • Understanding intragenic DNA methylation is vital for advancing epigenetics and genomics.