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Related Experiment Video

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
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Biomarkers in multiple sclerosis.

William J Housley1, David Pitt2, David A Hafler3

  • 1Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.

Clinical Immunology (Orlando, Fla.)
|July 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Identifying effective multiple sclerosis (MS) biomarkers remains challenging. This review explores current and potential MS biomarkers, including genetic factors, for improved diagnosis and prognosis.

Keywords:
BiomarkersMultiple sclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) biomarker research has focused for decades on improving diagnosis, prognosis, and clinical outcomes.
  • Despite extensive efforts, few identified biomarkers have translated into widespread clinical utility.
  • This review critically examines the landscape of MS biomarker research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of multiple sclerosis biomarker research.
  • To discuss biomarkers currently employed in clinical practice.
  • To explore emerging biomarkers in serum and cerebrospinal fluid, as well as genetic associations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on multiple sclerosis biomarkers.
  • Discussion of clinically utilized biomarkers: Oligoclonal bands, MRI, and JC viral titers.
  • Exploration of potential biomarkers including neurofilament, GFAP, CD163, YKL-40, CXCL13, miRNA, mRNA, T cells, Kir4.1 antibodies, osteopontin, and microbiome-associated lipopeptides.
  • Analysis of current multiple sclerosis genetic studies.

Main Results:

  • Established biomarkers like Oligoclonal bands, MRI, and JC viral titers are discussed.
  • Numerous potential biomarkers from serum and cerebrospinal fluid show promise, targeting neurodegeneration, immune cell activity, and inflammation.
  • Genetic studies are emerging as a potential avenue for reliable MS susceptibility and progression testing.

Conclusions:

  • The clinical utility of many MS biomarkers is still limited, necessitating further validation.
  • Emerging biomarkers, particularly those related to neurodegeneration and genetics, hold significant potential for advancing MS diagnostics and prognostics.
  • Continued research into diverse biomarker types is crucial for improving multiple sclerosis patient care.