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Related Experiment Videos

Language use in intergroup contexts: the linguistic intergroup bias.

A Maass1, D Salvi, L Arcuri

  • 1Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Università di Padova, Italy.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|December 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Language abstractness influences social stereotypes. Desirable in-group and undesirable out-group behaviors are described more abstractly, perpetuating stereotypes through communication, as shown by the linguistic category model.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Communication Studies
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Social stereotypes are cognitive structures that influence social perception and judgment.
  • The way behaviors are described can impact the formation and maintenance of these stereotypes.
  • The Linguistic Category Model (LCM) provides a framework for analyzing language abstractness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how language abstractness in describing in-group and out-group behaviors affects stereotype transmission and persistence.
  • To test the hypothesis that desirable in-group and undesirable out-group behaviors are communicated more abstractly.
  • To examine the role of abstract versus concrete communication in perpetuating social stereotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Experiment 1 used a fixed-response scale format to control for abstractness levels.
  • Experiment 2 utilized a free-response format to assess communication patterns.
  • Experiment 3 focused on the impact of abstract vs. concrete language on stereotype perpetuation.

    • Main Results:

    • Consistent support was found for the hypothesis that desirable in-group and undesirable out-group behaviors are described more abstractly.
    • This effect was observed in both fixed-response and free-response formats.
    • Abstract communication was demonstrated to play a significant role in the perpetuation of social stereotypes.

    Conclusions:

    • The abstractness of language used to describe social behaviors is a key factor in maintaining stereotypes.
    • Findings highlight the self-perpetuating cycle of stereotypes within communication processes.
    • The Linguistic Category Model is a valuable tool for understanding these linguistic influences on social cognition.