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Related Experiment Videos

The future prospects for living wills.

D Greaves1

  • 1University of Wales, Swansea.

Journal of Medical Ethics
|December 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Advance directives, or living wills, are crucial for respecting patient autonomy when they become incompetent. Implementing these healthcare tools effectively requires careful consideration of legal frameworks and robust medical education.

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Area of Science:

  • Bioethics
  • Health Law
  • Medical Policy

Background:

  • Living will legislation, first enacted in California in 1976, is now widespread in the USA, though practical flaws necessitate reviews.
  • Britain lacks specific legislation but shows significant interest in advance directives for healthcare.
  • Patient autonomy for those who become permanently incompetent is a key driver for advance directive adoption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the future prospects of living wills in both the USA and Britain.
  • To analyze available implementation options for advance directives.
  • To compare the approaches to advance directives in the USA and Britain.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of legislative and non-statutory approaches to advance directives.
  • Review of existing living will legislation and healthcare practices in the USA and Britain.
  • Assessment of the role of medical education and facilities in promoting patient autonomy.

Main Results:

  • Significant interest exists in both the USA and Britain for implementing advance directives to ensure patient autonomy.
  • The USA has established legislation, while Britain is considering its options, highlighting different national traditions.
  • Effective implementation hinges on both legal instruments and the education/persuasion of medical professionals.

Conclusions:

  • Implementing advance directives requires careful consideration of statutory versus non-statutory means, respecting national traditions.
  • Promoting respect for patient autonomy is significantly dependent on educating doctors in best practices for advance directives.
  • Ensuring adequate medical facilities is essential for the proper execution of advance directives and upholding patient autonomy.
Keywords:
Death and EuthanasiaLegal Approach

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