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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies
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Rapid weather changes are associated with increased ischemic stroke risk: a case-crossover study.

Florian Rakers1,2, Rene Schiffner3, Sven Rupprecht3

  • 1Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Bachstrasse 18, 07743, Jena, Thuringia, Germany. florian.rakers@med.uni-jena.de.

European Journal of Epidemiology
|July 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Rapid weather changes, including temperature drops and shifts in humidity and atmospheric pressure, increase stroke risk. Individuals with higher cardiovascular risk face even greater danger from these meteorological events.

Keywords:
Cerebrovascular diseaseInfarctionStrokeStroke preventionWeather

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Epidemiology
  • Meteorological Health Impacts

Background:

  • Previous studies on meteorological parameters and stroke risk have yielded inconsistent findings.
  • Weather fluctuations are known to trigger atrial fibrillation, a risk factor for stroke.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between rapid weather changes and stroke risk.
  • To identify specific meteorological factors that influence stroke incidence.

Main Methods:

  • A case-crossover study involving 1694 patients with a defined stroke symptom onset.
  • Hazard periods (days 1-3 pre-stroke) were compared to a control period (day 7 pre-stroke).
  • Analysis focused on 24-hour changes in ambient temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure.

Main Results:

  • A 2.9°C temperature decrease over 24 hours correlated with an 11% increase in ischemic stroke risk.
  • Rapid changes in relative humidity (>5%) and atmospheric pressure (>10 hPa) elevated stroke risk by up to 30% and 63%, respectively.
  • Individuals with higher cardiovascular risk showed significantly increased stroke risk with rapid temperature drops and atmospheric pressure changes.

Conclusions:

  • Rapid decreases in ambient temperature and significant shifts in relative humidity and atmospheric pressure are associated with increased stroke risk in temperate climates.
  • Individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions are particularly vulnerable to weather-related stroke risk.
  • These findings highlight the importance of considering meteorological factors in stroke prevention strategies.