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MAOA expression predicts vulnerability for alcohol use.

R Cervera-Juanes1, L J Wilhem1, B Park2

  • 1Department of Neurosciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA.

Molecular Psychiatry
|July 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) expression in blood predicts alcohol consumption. Heavy alcohol use leads to decreased MAOA levels in blood and brain, suggesting a link to alcohol dependence.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Monoamines like dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5HT), and the enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), are linked to alcohol use disorders.
  • Previous genetic studies on the MAOA-LPR polymorphism and alcohol abuse risk have produced conflicting results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly compare tissue-specific MAOA expression with alcohol consumption levels.
  • To investigate the relationship between alcohol self-administration, MAOA expression, and dopamine levels in rhesus macaques.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed rhesus macaque MAOA (rhMAOA) expression in blood before and after 12 months of alcohol self-administration.
  • Collected nucleus accumbens core (NAc core) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from alcohol-access and control subjects.
  • Correlated blood rhMAOA expression with subsequent alcohol consumption and measured dopamine metabolites in CSF.

Main Results:

  • Pre-existing blood rhMAOA expression negatively correlated with future alcohol consumption.
  • Alcohol consumption decreased blood rhMAOA expression in a dose-dependent manner.
  • Heavy drinkers showed significantly lower rhMAOA expression in the NAc core and higher CSF DA levels with lower DOPAC/DA ratios.

Conclusions:

  • Blood MAOA expression can predict alcohol consumption levels.
  • Heavy alcohol use is associated with reduced MAOA expression in both blood and the NAc core.
  • Findings suggest dampened MAOA expression and elevated dopamine contribute mechanistically to alcohol abuse.