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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells
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An electrogenic nitric oxide reductase.

Sinan Al-Attar1, Simon de Vries1

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC, The Netherlands.

FEBS Letters
|July 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacillus azotoformans nitric oxide reductases (Nors) generate a proton gradient, enabling ATP production. This contrasts with previous assumptions, showing Nors can be electrogenic and contribute to cellular energy.

Keywords:
DenitrificationElectrogenicMembrane potentialNitric oxideNitric oxide reductase

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Microbiology
  • Bioenergetics

Background:

  • Nitric oxide reductases (Nors) are heme-copper oxidases reducing nitric oxide (NO) to nitrous oxide (N₂O).
  • Unlike proton-pumping cytochrome oxidases, Nors have not been experimentally established as electrogenic.
  • The Bacillus azotoformans Cu(A)-dependent Nor uses cytochrome c₅₅₁ as an electron donor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electrogenic nature of Cu(A)Nor from Bacillus azotoformans.
  • To determine if Cu(A)Nor can generate a proton electrochemical gradient.
  • To compare the bioenergetic potential of Cu(A)Nor with other oxidases.

Main Methods:

  • Reconstitution of Cu(A)Nor into liposomes.
  • Use of reduced phenazine ethosulfate (PESH) as an electron donor.
  • Measurement of proton electrochemical gradient generation across the liposome membrane.

Main Results:

  • Cu(A)Nor reconstituted in liposomes catalyzes NO reduction via transmembrane PES radical cycling.
  • Cu(A)Nor generates a proton electrochemical gradient comparable in magnitude to cytochrome aa₃.
  • The study refutes the notion that Nors are non-electrogenic.

Conclusions:

  • Bacillus azotoformans Cu(A)Nor is electrogenic and contributes to proton pumping.
  • Nors can be exploited for increased cellular ATP production, challenging previous understanding.
  • This finding has implications for understanding energy metabolism in bacteria utilizing NO reduction.