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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Related Experiment Video

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Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
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Olfactory abnormalities in temporal lobe epilepsy.

M Desai1, J B Agadi1, N Karthik1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana Super-Speciality Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, First Floor, Krishna Rajendra Road, Fort, Bangalore, Karnataka 560004, India.

Journal of Clinical Neuroscience : Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia
|July 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) show significant olfactory impairment compared to healthy individuals. This olfactory deficit in TLE is not linked to seizure duration, control, or medication use.

Keywords:
Smell identificationTemporal lobe epilepsyUniversity of Pennsylvania smell identification test

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Olfactory impairment is a common symptom in various neurological disorders.
  • Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) involves dysfunction of temporo-limbic neural pathways crucial for olfactory perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure and compare olfactory acuity in TLE patients (right, left, bilateral) versus healthy controls.
  • To investigate the correlation between olfactory acuity and clinical factors in TLE, including seizure duration, seizure control, and medication load.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 25 TLE patients and 25 age/sex-matched healthy controls participated.
  • Olfactory acuity was assessed using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), a 40-item odor identification test.

Main Results:

  • TLE patients demonstrated significantly poorer performance on the UPSIT compared to controls.
  • No significant differences in olfactory scores were observed between TLE patients with right-sided versus left-sided seizure activity.
  • The degree of olfactory impairment did not correlate with seizure duration, baseline seizure control, or the number of antiepileptic drugs used.

Conclusions:

  • Significant olfactory impairment is prevalent in both right and left TLE patients.
  • The observed olfactory deficits in TLE are independent of seizure chronicity, seizure frequency, or the number of medications utilized.