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Related Concept Videos

Size-Exclusion Chromatography01:08

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In size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), also known as molecular-exclusion or gel-permeation chromatography, molecules are separated based on their sizes. This technique is important for separating large molecules such as polymers and biomolecules. The two classes of micron-sized stationary phases encountered in SEC are silica particles and cross-linked polymer resin beads. Both materials are porous, but their pore sizes vary significantly.
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...
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Related Experiment Video

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Capturing Actively Produced Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds from Human-Associated Samples with Vacuum-Assisted Sorbent Extraction
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Quantification of volatile-alkylated selenium and sulfur in complex aqueous media using solid-phase microextraction.

Bas Vriens1, Marcel Mathis2, Lenny H E Winkel1

  • 1Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland.

Journal of Chromatography. A
|July 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces an automated method for measuring volatile selenium and sulfur compounds in complex samples. The technique accurately quantifies these compounds at trace levels, crucial for environmental and food safety analysis.

Keywords:
GC/MSMethylationSPMESeleniumSulfur

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Volatile alkylated selenium (Se) and sulfur (S) compounds are key in global biogeochemical cycles.
  • These compounds are significant in industrial emissions and contribute to food/beverage flavors.
  • Accurate quantification is essential for monitoring and understanding their impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a fully automated method for simultaneous quantification of 10 volatile Se and S compounds.
  • To assess the method's performance in complex aqueous matrices.
  • To evaluate the influence of sample matrix composition and storage on analyte stability.

Main Methods:

  • Direct-immersion solid-phase microextraction (DI-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS).
  • Optimization of SPME instrumental parameters for enhanced extraction efficiency.
  • Utilized internal standards and procedural calibrations for accurate quantification.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high extraction efficiencies (up to 96%) from complex aqueous samples.
  • Enabled trace-level quantification down to ng/L concentrations (e.g., 30 ng/L dimethyl sulfide, 75 ng/L dimethyl selenide).
  • Demonstrated robustness and applicability across various complex matrices.

Conclusions:

  • The automated DI-SPME-GC/MS method provides a reliable tool for quantifying volatile Se and S compounds.
  • The method is suitable for analyzing industrial effluents and food/beverage samples.
  • This technique aids in monitoring environmental pollution and ensuring food quality.