Complete blood count parameters may have a role in diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Obstetrics
• Gynecologic Oncology

Background:

• Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) encompasses a spectrum of placental abnormalities.
• Complete blood count (CBC) parameters, including platelet (PLT) indices and white blood cell (WBC) counts, are routinely assessed in clinical practice.
• Understanding hematologic differences between GTD and healthy pregnancy may elucidate pathophysiologic mechanisms and aid in diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate differences in CBC parameters between women with GTD and healthy pregnant women.
• To determine if CBC parameters can explain pathophysiologic mechanisms of GTD.
• To assess the utility of CBC parameters in differentiating GTD from healthy pregnancy.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of CBC data from 37 women with GTD and 61 healthy pregnant women.
• Evaluation of platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and WBC levels.
• Subgroup analysis of GTD cases into partial mole (PM) and complete mole (CM).

Main Results:

• White blood cell (WBC) and PDW levels were significantly lower in women with GTD compared to the control group.
• WBC was lower in PM, and both WBC and PDW were lower in CM compared to controls.
• Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated diagnostic potential for WBC (AUC 75.5%) and PDW (AUC 69.3%).

Conclusions:

• Lower WBC in GTD may indicate a reduced inflammatory response facilitating trophoblastic invasion.
• Decreased PDW in complete mole suggests less platelet activation is required compared to healthy pregnancy.
• WBC < 8.19 and PDW < 15.85 may serve as alerts for clinicians regarding the risk of GTD.