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Pleura of the Lungs

Pleura of the Lungs

The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...

Pleural Disorders: Types and Brief Description

Pleural Disorders: Types and Brief Description

The pleura is a vital part of the respiratory system. It's a double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs and lining the chest cavity. The two layers of the pleura are:

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's...

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Intratumoral Injection of Cisplatin for the Treatment of Isolated Mediastinal Recurrence of Lung Cancer

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Pleural involvement in lung cancer.

Theodora Agalioti¹, Anastasios D Giannou¹, Georgios T Stathopoulos¹

¹Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.

Journal of Thoracic Disease

|July 8, 2015

Summary

The pleural space is a common site for cancer metastasis, often leading to malignant pleural effusion (MPE). This study explores lung adenocarcinoma

Keywords:

EGFR mutations Lung cancer malignant pleural effusion (MPE)pleural membranes visceral pleural invasion (VPI)

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Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Intratumoral Injection of Cisplatin for the Treatment of Isolated Mediastinal Recurrence of Lung Cancer

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Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion

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Published on: November 10, 2023

Area of Science:

Oncology
Thoracic Medicine
Cancer Metastasis Research

Background:

The pleural space is a frequent site for metastasis from lung, breast, and gastrointestinal cancers.
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common complication of pleural metastasis, significantly impacting patient prognosis and quality of life.
MPE results from inflammation, angiogenesis, and vascular leakage, with ongoing research into cancer cell and host factors.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the histological, cytological, and molecular features that make the pleural cavity a favorable site for lung adenocarcinoma metastasis.
To identify mesothelial and tumor characteristics contributing to pleural space invasion by lung adenocarcinoma.
To discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting malignant pleural effusion.

Main Methods:

Review of pleural histology and cytology in the context of lung adenocarcinoma metastasis.
Analysis of molecular characteristics associated with pleural metastasis.
Examination of mesothelial and tumor cell features involved in pleural invasion.

Main Results:

The pleural cavity possesses specific characteristics that attract lung adenocarcinoma metastasis.
Certain mesothelial and tumor features facilitate the invasion of the pleural space.
Understanding these factors is crucial for developing targeted therapies.

Conclusions:

Lung adenocarcinoma exhibits a propensity for pleural metastasis due to specific pleural and tumor attributes.
Targeting the mechanisms of MPE formation presents a promising therapeutic avenue.
Further research into pleural metastasis and MPE is warranted.