Female genital mutilation/cutting: an update

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Gynecology
• Medical Research Methodology

Background:

• Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a global practice, most common in Africa and the Middle East.
• Existing research on FGM/C faces significant methodological challenges, including poor analysis and unclear results reporting.
• Current clinical management of FGM/C complications often involves unnecessary procedures and patient anxiety.

Purpose of the Study:

• To critically evaluate the methodological quality of studies on FGM/C.
• To identify and address deficiencies in the clinical management of FGM/C and its sequelae.
• To highlight areas for improvement in healthcare for women and girls affected by FGM/C.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on FGM/C prevalence, methodology, and clinical outcomes.
• Analysis of common complications and current management strategies for FGM/C.
• Identification of gaps in research and clinical practice.

Main Results:

• Evidence linking FGM/C to infertility is currently weak.
• Management of clitoral inclusion cysts often involves costly, anxiety-inducing investigations.
• Inadequate use of intrapartum defibulation leads to unnecessary cesarean sections and scar rupture.

Conclusions:

• There is a critical need to enhance the quality of research on FGM/C.
• Clinical care for FGM/C complications requires significant improvement, particularly regarding intrapartum management.
• Substantial efforts are necessary to provide adequate and appropriate care for FGM/C-affected individuals.