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Cabozantinib in Thyroid Cancer.

Poupak Fallahi, Silvia M Ferrari, Flavia Di Bari

  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy. alessandro.antonelli@med.unipi.it.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Cabozantinib significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). This oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor also shows promise for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cabozantinib is a multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting MET, VEGFR2, RET, KIT, AXL, FLT3, and Tie-2.
  • It exhibits anti-cancer effects in preclinical and clinical models of various cancers, including prostate, lung, thyroid, and renal cell carcinomas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of cabozantinib in patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC).
  • To explore the potential of cabozantinib in treating differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients, particularly those resistant to radioactive iodine (RAI).

Main Methods:

  • A Phase III clinical study assessed cabozantinib's effect on progression-free survival (PFS) in MTC patients compared to placebo.
  • Ongoing Phase II trials are investigating cabozantinib in RAI-resistant DTC patients.

Main Results:

  • Cabozantinib significantly improved PFS in MTC patients (11.2 months vs. 4.0 months for placebo), irrespective of age, bone metastases, RET status, or prior treatment.
  • Cabozantinib has demonstrated promising results in metastatic DTC patients, warranting further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Cabozantinib is an effective therapeutic option for metastatic MTC, significantly enhancing PFS.
  • Cabozantinib shows potential for treating metastatic DTC, with ongoing trials to further elucidate its role.