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Nitrous oxide and methane emissions from cryptogamic covers.

Katharina Lenhart1,2,3, Bettina Weber1, Wolfgang Elbert1

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, Mainz, 55128, Germany.

Global Change Biology
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Summary

Cryptogamic covers are a significant source of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. These ancient life forms also emit methane (CH4), with N2O emissions potentially increasing due to climate change.

Keywords:
cryptogamic coversglobal changeglobal upscalingmethanenitrous oxide

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Biogeochemistry
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Cryptogamic covers, ancient terrestrial life forms, are known to fix atmospheric nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
  • Recent research indicates these covers also act as sources for greenhouse gases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate greenhouse gas emissions, specifically nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4), from cryptogamic covers.
  • To quantify global N2O emissions from these covers and assess their contribution to the natural terrestrial N2O budget.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory measurements of N2O and CH4 emissions from various lichens and bryophytes.
  • Analysis of emission rate variations with environmental factors (temperature, humidity, N deposition).
  • Utilizing the ratio of N2O to respiratory CO2 emissions for global scaling.

Main Results:

  • Cryptogamic covers are identified as significant sources of N2O and minor sources of CH4.
  • N2O emission rates correlate with temperature, humidity, and nitrogen deposition.
  • Estimated global N2O source strength from cryptogamic covers is 0.32-0.59 Tg year(-1), accounting for 4-9% of natural terrestrial emissions.
  • Cryptogamic covers are the dominant N2O source in many arid and forested regions.

Conclusions:

  • Cryptogamic covers play a crucial role in the global nitrous oxide cycle.
  • Greenhouse gas emissions from these covers may increase with global warming and enhanced nitrogen deposition.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the climate feedback mechanisms of cryptogamic covers.