Utilization and Cost of Health Services in Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) has gained attention in the past decade as a "signature injury" in the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. TBI is a major burden for both the military and civilian population in the US and worldwide. It is a leading cause of death and disability in the US and a major health services resource burden. We seek to answer two questions. What is the evidence regarding the association of TBI with health services utilization and costs in the US and worldwide? What is the evidence regarding racial/ethnic, gender, geographic, socio-economic and other disparities in health services utilization and cost in the US and worldwide? To attain this goal we searched several databases using key words to perform a systematic review of the literature since 2000. We found 36 articles to be eligible for inclusion in the review. The evidence demonstrates a wide variation in health services utilization and costs depending on population of study and severity of TBI. The evidence also supports the existence of racial/ethnic, gender, insurance, geographic disparities in the US as well as other unique disparities worldwide.