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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Thyroid function, autoimmunity and nodules in hematological malignancies.

Patrizia Mondello1, Alessandro Sindoni2, Vincenzo Pitini1

  • 1Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism
|July 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chemotherapy for hematological malignancies showed fewer thyroid issues like nodules and autoimmunity compared to controls. Radiotherapy was excluded, and no patients had hypothyroidism.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Hematological malignancies are treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which can cause thyroid complications.
  • Previous studies have not simultaneously assessed thyroid function, autoimmunity, and nodularity in these patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate thyroid function, autoimmunity, and nodularity in patients with hematological malignancies undergoing chemotherapy.
  • To compare thyroid abnormalities between patients with hematological malignancies and a control group.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated 82 patients with hematological malignancies (multiple myeloma, leukemias, lymphoma, polycythemia vera) and 104 controls.
  • Excluded patients receiving head/neck radiotherapy.
  • Performed thyroid ultrasonography, function tests, and autoimmunity tests.

Main Results:

  • Patients had a lower prevalence of enlarged thyroid and nodules than controls.
  • Thyroid nodule rates varied by malignancy type (highest in multiple myeloma and polycythemia vera, lowest in chronic lymphatic leukemia).
  • No hypothyroidism was observed; subclinical hyperthyroidism was 5.6% in patients versus 0% in controls. Autoantibody positivity was lower in patients.

Conclusions:

  • Chemotherapy for hematological malignancies is associated with a lower prevalence of thyroid abnormalities compared to controls.
  • These findings suggest chemotherapy may have a protective effect on the thyroid, unlike radiotherapy.