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Related Concept Videos

What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

What is Genetic Engineering?

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CRISPR01:59

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Establishment of Genome-edited Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines: From Targeting to Isolation
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Human Genome Editing and Ethical Considerations.

Kewal Krishan1, Tanuj Kanchan2, Bahadur Singh3

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Human germline gene editing offers potential benefits for genetic disorders. However, the use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in human embryos raises significant ethical debates about its long-term impact on future generations.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Bioethics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Human germline gene editing presents potential therapeutic applications for a range of genetic disorders.
  • Recent advancements in genome editing, specifically the CRISPR/Cas9 system, have enabled modifications in human embryos.

Discussion:

  • The application of CRISPR/Cas9 in human embryos has ignited a global scientific discussion concerning the ethical implications.
  • Key ethical considerations revolve around the potential impact of germline modifications on subsequent generations and the broader human gene pool.

Key Insights:

  • Germline gene editing holds promise for correcting inherited diseases.
  • The ethical landscape of human germline gene editing requires careful navigation due to its transgenerational effects.

Outlook:

  • Further scientific and societal dialogue is crucial to establish guidelines for responsible germline gene editing.
  • The long-term transformative effects of human gene editing on the human species remain a subject of ongoing scientific inquiry and ethical deliberation.