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Related Concept Videos

Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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A Primary Neuron Culture System for the Study of Herpes Simplex Virus Latency and Reactivation
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Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection.

Scott H James1, David W Kimberlin2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Children's Harbor Building 308, 1600 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35233-1711, USA.

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
|July 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections cause lifelong illness with reactivation. Neonatal HSV disease, acquired peripartum, poses severe risks, necessitating improved diagnostics and therapeutics for better infant outcomes.

Keywords:
Antiviral therapyGenital herpesHerpes simplex virusMother-to-child transmissionNeonatal herpes

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 are globally prevalent, establishing lifelong infections with latent periods and reactivation episodes.
  • Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease, acquired perinatally, is a rare but serious condition with significant morbidity and mortality risks, particularly with central nervous system (CNS) or disseminated involvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease.
  • To highlight the impact of diagnostic and therapeutic advancements on neonatal HSV outcomes.
  • To identify areas for further improvement in managing this severe infant infection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for neonatal HSV.
  • Analysis of outcomes data related to mortality and neurodevelopmental sequelae.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on HSV latency and reactivation in the context of neonatal disease.

Main Results:

  • Advances in diagnostics and therapeutics have improved survival rates for neonatal HSV disease.
  • Improvements in neurodevelopmental outcomes are less pronounced than mortality reductions.
  • Disseminated and CNS involvement remain critical factors influencing severe morbidity and mortality.

Conclusions:

  • While progress has been made, further enhancements in diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy are crucial for neonatal HSV disease.
  • Optimizing management strategies can lead to better long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes for affected infants.
  • Continued research is needed to address the challenges posed by HSV latency and reactivation in preventing and treating neonatal infections.