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Visual Learning Induces Changes in Resting-State fMRI Multivariate Pattern of Information.

Roberto Guidotti1, Cosimo Del Gratta2, Antonello Baldassarre3

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, and Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, "Gabriele D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy, and r.guidotti@unich.it.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
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Summary

Visual learning enhances spontaneous brain activity patterns. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) showed that post-learning, brain regions involved in the task exhibited increased representation of trained visual stimuli, supporting spontaneous activity

Keywords:
MVPAfMRIpattern classificationperceptual learningresting state

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Spontaneous brain activity, measured by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI), shows correlations between related brain regions.
  • Learning and task performance can alter resting-state synchronization and neuronal activity can replay previously presented stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if visual learning and task performance change patterns of coded information in R-fMRI signals.
  • To determine if spontaneous brain activity plays a role in representing task-relevant information after learning.

Main Methods:

  • Human subjects underwent R-fMRI scans before and after a visual shape orientation discrimination task.
  • Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) was used on task-evoked fMRI signals to identify patterns discriminating trained from novel stimuli.
  • MVPA was also applied to R-fMRI signals before and after learning to assess changes in spontaneous activity patterns.

Main Results:

  • Post-learning, cortical regions including the visual cortex (V3/V3A/V7), default mode network (precuneus, inferior parietal lobule), and dorsal attention network (intraparietal sulcus) discriminated between trained and novel visual stimuli.
  • Classification accuracy correlated strongly with behavioral performance.
  • The frequency and similarity of resting states representing task/visual stimuli increased post-learning in task-recruited cortical regions.

Conclusions:

  • Visual learning induces changes in spontaneous brain activity patterns.
  • These changes reflect the representation of task-relevant information in R-fMRI signals.
  • Findings support a representational role for spontaneous brain activity in learned tasks.