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Related Concept Videos

Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

15.2K
The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

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The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

1.3K
IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

472
Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Donor Posterior Atrial Flap Rotation for Left Atrial Cuff Reconstruction in Lung Transplantation
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Donor Posterior Atrial Flap Rotation for Left Atrial Cuff Reconstruction in Lung Transplantation

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Huge Left Atrium Accompanied by Normally Functioning Prosthetic Valve.

Feridoun Sabzi1

  • 1Imam Ali Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.

The Journal of Tehran Heart Center
|July 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Giant left atria, defined as >8cm, are rare with normal prosthetic mitral valves. This case highlights the largest reported giant left atrium (20x22cm) in an adult with a functioning prosthetic valve, leading to fatal complications.

Keywords:
CardiomegalyHeart atriaMitral valve stenosis

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiac Surgery
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Giant left atria (>8 cm) are typically associated with rheumatic mitral valve disease and severe regurgitation.
  • Left atrial enlargement can cause compressive symptoms affecting adjacent organs and structures.

Observation:

  • A 46-year-old woman presented with respiratory distress and signs of heart failure.
  • Imaging revealed an exceptionally large left atrium (20x22 cm) with thrombosis, despite a normally functioning prosthetic mitral valve.

Findings:

  • The patient underwent cardiac surgery for thrombosis extraction and tricuspid valve repair.
  • Postoperative complications included right ventricular failure and low cardiac output syndrome, leading to expiration due to multiple organ failure.

Implications:

  • This case represents the largest giant left atrium documented in an adult with a normally functioning prosthetic mitral valve.
  • It underscores the potential for severe complications even with prosthetic valve integrity and highlights the rarity of such extreme left atrial dilatation in this context.