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Related Concept Videos

Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
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The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
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Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
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Experimental Analysis of Apoptotic Thymocyte Engulfment by Macrophages
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Apoptosis: role in myeloid cell development.

Shilpa Sarvothaman1, Ram Babu Undi1, Satya Ratan Pasupuleti1

  • 1Stem Cells and Haematological Disorders Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.

Blood Research
|July 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is vital for blood cell development. New research highlights the crucial role of caspases, key apoptosis mediators, in the differentiation of myeloid cells like erythrocytes and macrophages.

Keywords:
ApoptosisCaspaseDifferentiationErythrocyteMegakaryocyteMonocyte

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Proliferation and Differentiation of Murine Myeloid Precursor 32D/G-CSF-R Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Hematopoiesis generates all blood cells from pluripotent stem cells.
  • Hematopoietic stem cells possess self-renewal and differentiation capabilities, crucial for maintaining bone marrow populations.
  • Apoptosis (programmed cell death) is essential for maintaining homeostasis during hematopoiesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of apoptosis and its mediators in blood cell development.
  • To focus on the involvement of caspases and other apoptotic factors in myeloid lineage differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on apoptosis in hematopoiesis.
  • Analysis of the function of caspases in cell development and differentiation.
  • Examination of apoptotic factors influencing myeloid cell development.

Main Results:

  • Apoptosis is a critical regulatory mechanism in hematopoiesis.
  • Caspases, traditionally viewed as executioners of cell death, also play significant roles in cell differentiation.
  • Specific apoptotic factors are involved in the development of erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, and macrophages.

Conclusions:

  • The role of apoptosis extends beyond cell death to actively participate in cell differentiation during hematopoiesis.
  • Caspases are key regulators influencing the developmental trajectory of myeloid lineage cells.
  • Understanding these apoptotic pathways is crucial for comprehending normal blood formation and potential therapeutic interventions.