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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Visualizing Visual Adaptation

Visualizing Visual Adaptation

Published on: April 24, 2017

Explaining Away: A Model of Affective Adaptation.

Timothy D Wilson¹, Daniel T Gilbert²

¹University of Virginia twilson@virginia.edu.

Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science

|July 10, 2015

Summary

Emotional adaptation, or affective adaptation, occurs as emotional responses lessen with repeated exposure to events. The AREA model explains this process, showing how understanding events reduces emotional reactions over time.

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Cognitive Science
Affective Science

Background:

Affective responses typically weaken after repeated exposure to emotional stimuli.
Existing models do not fully explain the mechanisms underlying this emotional adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and test the AREA model of affective adaptation.
To explain how emotional responses diminish over time through understanding events.

Main Methods:

Developed the AREA (Attend, React, Explain, Adapt) model.
Tested predictions regarding affective responses to pleasurable events.
Discussed implications for coping, cultural emotion, and adaptation.

Main Results:

The AREA model posits that adaptation occurs via attending to, reacting emotionally to, and explaining self-relevant events.
Empirical tests support the model's predictions regarding emotional habituation.

Conclusions:

Affective adaptation is a cognitive-emotional process driven by explanation and understanding.
The AREA model provides a framework for understanding emotional habituation and its implications.