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Related Concept Videos

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Olfaction01:25

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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Effects of Chemicals: Overview01:27

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Drugs, encompassing various chemical compounds from natural sources, lab synthesis, or genetic engineering, elicit different biological responses in living organisms. Some of these responses are desirable or therapeutic, while others are undesirable. The primary goal of administering a drug is to achieve a therapeutic effect, that is, to address a specific disease or health condition. Any concurrent effects outside of this therapeutic outcome are considered undesirable. These undesirable...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase
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Olfactory drug effects approached from human-derived data.

Jörn Lötsch1, Claudia Knothe2, Catharina Lippmann3

  • 1Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (IME-TMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Drug Discovery Today
|July 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a bioinformatics method to predict drug-induced olfactory side effects by analyzing gene expression in nasal tissues. It identifies numerous drugs with potential olfactory impacts, aiding drug development and repurposing.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Adverse olfactory effects from medications can significantly diminish patient quality of life.
  • The intricate nature of the sense of smell suggests a high probability of such drug-induced effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a bioinformatics approach for identifying drugs with potential olfactory effects.
  • To investigate the link between drug targets expressed in human olfactory tissues and known drug information.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized public databases for drug-related information and molecular targets.
  • Analyzed drug target expression patterns in human olfactory tissue.
  • Identified drugs with documented olfactory effects and their molecular targets.

Main Results:

  • Identified 71 drugs with reported olfactory effects and 147 distinct molecular targets.
  • Discovered an additional 152 substances potentially causing olfactory effects by interacting with genes in the olfactory bulb.
  • Established connections between drug targets, gene expression in olfactory tissue, and drug information.

Conclusions:

  • The bioinformatics approach effectively predicts potential drug-induced olfactory effects.
  • This method offers valuable insights for drug discovery, repurposing, and development.
  • Provides mechanistic hypotheses for drug effects on olfaction.