Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

1.4K
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
1.4K
Timing and Consequences on Behavior01:08

Timing and Consequences on Behavior

708
In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective. 
Humans, however, can respond to delayed reinforcers. We often make decisions between immediate small rewards and delayed larger rewards. This ability to delay gratification is a significant...
708
Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

781
Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
781
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

19.1K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
19.1K
Self-Regulation01:25

Self-Regulation

327
Self-regulation, also known as self-control, encompasses a range of cognitive and behavioral processes that allow individuals to adjust their internal states and outward actions to align with socially acceptable norms and long-term goals. It plays a fundamental role in adaptive functioning, from resisting impulsive behaviors to persisting through challenging tasks. While its benefits are widely recognized, self-regulation is not limitless. Muraven and Baumeister's theory posits that...
327
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

1.4K
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Acceptability and safety of two sequential doses of psilocybin in bipolar II depression: protocol for an open-label single-arm feasibility study.

BMJ open·2026
Same author

Challenges with clinical trial participants in studies with classical psychedelics: A position statement from the National Network of Depression Centers' task group on psychedelics and related compounds.

Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Connecting, Serving, and Adapting: Perspectives on the Transition to Adulthood from Latino Young Adults with ASD, Parents, and Providers.

Journal of developmental and physical disabilities·2026
Same author

Contemplating versus having used psychedelics in bipolar disorder - What makes the difference?

Journal of affective disorders·2025
Same author

Corrigendum to "The role of the psychedelic experience in psilocybin treatment for treatment-resistant depression" [Journal of Affective Disorders, Volume 372 (2025), Pages 523-532].

Journal of affective disorders·2025
Same author

From a color-blind perspective: exploring frustration and confidence in schoolchildren with simulated color vision deficiency.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
07:47

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Published on: January 9, 2016

16.2K

Vulnerability for mania - is it linked to problems delaying gratification?

Thomas D Meyer1, Antonia L Newman2, Gabriele Jordan3

  • 1Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, UK; Doctorate in Clinical Psychology, Newcastle University, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.

Psychiatry Research
|July 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Individuals at risk for mania did not show deficits in delaying gratification. However, they exhibited higher positive urgency and sensation seeking, suggesting mood states may trigger impulsive behaviors.

Keywords:
Bipolar disorderDelay of gratificationImpulsivityUrgency

More Related Videos

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
04:42

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Published on: May 2, 2025

1.7K
Author Spotlight: Accessible M&M-Based Mouse Model for Investigating Binge Eating Disorder - Insights into Eating Behaviors, Anxiety, and Neural Mechanisms
05:15

Author Spotlight: Accessible M&M-Based Mouse Model for Investigating Binge Eating Disorder - Insights into Eating Behaviors, Anxiety, and Neural Mechanisms

Published on: January 10, 2025

1.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
07:47

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Published on: January 9, 2016

16.2K
Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
04:42

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Published on: May 2, 2025

1.7K
Author Spotlight: Accessible M&M-Based Mouse Model for Investigating Binge Eating Disorder - Insights into Eating Behaviors, Anxiety, and Neural Mechanisms
05:15

Author Spotlight: Accessible M&M-Based Mouse Model for Investigating Binge Eating Disorder - Insights into Eating Behaviors, Anxiety, and Neural Mechanisms

Published on: January 10, 2025

1.9K

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Impulsivity is a key risk factor for mania.
  • The inability to delay gratification, a facet of impulsivity, is hypothesized to relate to mania due to reward hypersensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between mania risk and deficits in delaying gratification.
  • To replicate findings on the link between mania risk and positive urgency using the UPPS measure.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-three individuals at risk for mania and a matched control group were assessed.
  • The Hypomanic Personality Scale and mood disorder history were used for group selection.
  • Behavioral (Single-Key-Impulsivity-Paradigm) and self-report (Monetary Choice Questionnaire, UPPS) measures were employed.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were found between groups in measures of gratification delay.
  • Individuals at risk for mania showed significantly higher levels of positive urgency and sensation seeking.
  • Prior findings on positive urgency in at-risk individuals were replicated.

Conclusions:

  • Deficits in delaying gratification do not appear to be a primary characteristic of mania risk.
  • Impulsive behaviors in at-risk individuals may be context-dependent, potentially triggered by specific mood states.
  • Positive urgency and sensation seeking are associated with increased risk for mania.