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Cardiovascular disease in patients with coeliac disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Louise Emilsson1, Benjamin Lebwohl2, Johan Sundström3

  • 1Primary Care Research Unit, Vårdcentralen Värmlands Nysäter, Värmland County, Sweden; Department of Health Management and Health Economy, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Digestive and Liver Disease : Official Journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver
|July 11, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Coeliac disease (celiac disease) is linked to a slightly higher risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly stroke. However, the evidence is limited, and more research is needed to confirm these findings.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Cardiology
  • Epidemiology
  • Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background:

  • Conflicting evidence exists regarding the association between celiac disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
  • Previous studies have yielded inconsistent results, necessitating a comprehensive review.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with celiac disease.
  • To consolidate existing evidence and provide a clearer understanding of the CVD risk associated with celiac disease.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic search of major databases (PubMed, Cinahl, EMBASE, Medline) was conducted up to January 5, 2015.
  • Ten English-language studies with over 20 patients were included and assessed for bias using the GRADE tool.
  • Random-effects models were employed to analyze the data, with heterogeneity assessed using the I(2) statistic.

Main Results:

  • The meta-analysis revealed an increased risk of stroke (OR 1.11; 95%CI 1.02-1.20) in celiac disease patients.
  • While risks for myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death were not significantly elevated, they were estimated with less certainty.
  • Moderate heterogeneity was observed for myocardial infarction risk, while other outcomes showed low heterogeneity.

Conclusions:

  • Celiac disease is associated with a modestly increased risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly stroke.
  • The current evidence base is limited, underscoring the need for further investigation to confirm these associations and elucidate underlying mechanisms.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseaseCeliacCoeliacMeta-analysis

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