Topical antimicrobial photodynamic therapy improves angiogenesis in wounds of diabetic mice

We report the results of our investigations on the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) on angiogenesis in wounds of diabetic mice. For this, measurements were made on levels of nitric oxide (NO), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and markers of proinflammatory stress (phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B and p(38) mitogen-activated protein kinase) on day 3 post-wounding. For uninfected and infected wounds, the levels of NO, VEGF-A were lower and the levels of phospho-NF-kB-p65, phospho-p(38)MAPK were higher in diabetic mice compared with that in nondiabetic mice. For infected wounds, multiple APDT (fluence ~60 J/cm(2)) led to increase in NO, VEGF-A levels and a decrease in the phospho-NF-kB-p65, phospho-p(38)MAPK. Further, compared with aminoguanidine, and silver nitrate, multiple APDT was observed to result in a much improved proangiogenic response.