Association of short-term ozone and temperature with sleep disordered breathing

Scarce evidence suggests that ambient air pollution and temperature might play a role in incidence and severity of sleep disordered breathing (SDB). We investigated the association of short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm (PM10)), ozone and temperature with SDB in the general population. Between 2006 and 2008, 1773 participants (aged 50-80 years) of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study underwent screening for SDB, as defined by the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI). We assessed daily exposure to PM10, ozone, temperature and humidity. We used multiple linear regression to estimate associations of daily PM10, ozone levels and temperature on the day of screening, adjusting for relative humidity, season, age, sex, body mass index, education, smoking habits, alcohol consumption and physical activity. In the study population, the mean±sd AHI was 11.2±11.4 events·h(-1). Over all seasons, an interquartile range increase in temperature (8.6°C) and ozone (39.5 µg·m(-3)) was associated with a 10.2% (95% CI 1.2-20.0%) and 10.1% (95% CI 2.0-18.9%) increase in AHI, respectively. Associations for temperature were stronger in summer, yielding a 32.4% (95% CI 0.0-75.3%) increase in AHI per 8.6°C (p-value for season-temperature interaction 0.08). We observed that AHI was not associated with PM10. This study suggests that short-term variations in ozone concentration and temperature are associated with SDB.