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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

33.5K
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

28.6K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
28.6K
Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

7.5K
The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Application of Mouse Parthenogenetic Haploid Embryonic Stem Cells as a Substitute of Sperm
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Application of Mouse Parthenogenetic Haploid Embryonic Stem Cells as a Substitute of Sperm

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Artificial gametes from stem cells.

Inmaculada Moreno1, Jose Manuel Míguez-Forjan2, Carlos Simón3

  • 1Department of Research and Development, Igenomix S.L., Paternam, Spain.

Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
|July 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Creating artificial gametes from stem cells offers hope for infertility treatments. This breakthrough could help infertile individuals, same-sex couples, and others have genetically related children.

Keywords:
Artificial gametesCell-based therapyGametogenesisGerm cellsHuman germ cell specificationPluripotent stem cellsPrimordial germ cell-like cells

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The Production of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Amniotic Fluid Cells Using a Transposon System
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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Science

Background:

  • Artificial gamete generation is a significant scientific challenge.
  • In vitro development of human eggs and sperm aids understanding of gametogenesis and infertility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of artificial gametes in reproductive treatments.
  • To provide options for individuals unable to conceive via gamete donation.

Main Methods:

  • Deriving human germ cell-like cells from stem cells at various differentiation stages.
  • Investigating methods for obtaining viable, functional, and safe artificial germ cells.

Main Results:

  • Researchers have successfully generated human germ cell-like cells from stem cells.
  • Progress is being made towards creating functional artificial sperm and eggs.

Conclusions:

  • Artificial gametes hold promise for reproductive therapies for infertile patients, same-sex couples, and single individuals.
  • Future advancements aim to produce artificial gametes capable of recapitulating gametogenesis, fertilization, and embryogenesis for healthy offspring.