Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

4.5K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
4.5K
Steps in the Modeling Process01:14

Steps in the Modeling Process

821
Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning identifies four critical processes: attention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement or motivation.
Attention is the first necessary component for observational learning. It involves focusing on what the model is doing and saying. For example, if you decide to take a drawing class to enhance your skills, you need to pay close attention to the instructor's words and hand movements. The characteristics of the model significantly...
821
Social Traps01:41

Social Traps

27.1K
Social traps are negative situations where people get caught in a direction or relationship that later proves to be unpleasant, with no easy way to back out of or avoid. The concept was orignally introduced by John Platt who applied psychology to Garrett Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons", where in New England herd owners could let their cattle graze in the common ground. This situation seems like a good idea, but an individual could have an advantage. If they owned...
27.1K
Common Leveling Mistakes and Errors01:17

Common Leveling Mistakes and Errors

616
A survey team is tasked with determining the elevation difference between points Point A and Point B, separated by uneven terrain. They use a leveling instrument and a leveling rod.Common MistakesMisreading the Rod: During a backsight reading at Point A, the instrumentman observes the rod partially obscured by tall grass. Instead of reading 1.135 m, they mistakenly record 1.735 m due to the misalignment of the crosshair with the wrong graduation. This error adds 0.600 m to all subsequent...
616
Guidelines for Writing Outcome01:11

Guidelines for Writing Outcome

4.3K
When developing expected outcomes for a patient care plan, the nurse should adhere to the following recommendations:
Patient outcomes reflect the patient's response to the goal rather than what the nurse aims to achieve. Terminology should be observable and measurable to avoid the reader's interpretation. The desired outcome should be realistic and achievable in the designated care timeframe. Expected outcomes should align with adjunctive therapies. The outcome should enhance care...
4.3K
Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

3.7K
Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
3.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Temperamental and Theoretical Contributions to Clinical Psychology.

Annual review of clinical psychology·2022
Same author

The Ambiguity of Maltreatment.

The American journal of psychiatry·2020
Same author

Effect of Maternal Distress on Perceptions of Infant Behavior May Differ in Chinese-American and European-American Mothers and Infants.

Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP·2020
Same author

Kinds of individuals defined by patterns of variables.

Development and psychopathology·2018
Same author

Three Unresolved Issues in Human Morality.

Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science·2018
Same author

Perspectives on two temperamental biases.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2018
Same journal

On the Goals and Limitations of Psychological Science: Some Thoughts in Memory of Daniel Kahneman.

Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science·2026
Same journal

Imagine No Resources: Attention Is Selection and Normalization for Choice.

Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science·2026
Same journal

Children's Third-Party Punishment Reveals a Genuine Concern for Fairness and Justice.

Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science·2026
Same journal

Chaos Theory and Child Development: Quantifying Nonlinear Pathways of Growth.

Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science·2026
Same journal

Formal Modeling as Theoretical Glue between Laboratory and Naturalistic Studies of Memory.

Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science·2026
Same journal

Growing Technological Opacity and the Social Brain.

Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Combining Computer Game-Based Behavioural Experiments With High-Density EEG and Infrared Gaze Tracking
13:40

Combining Computer Game-Based Behavioural Experiments With High-Density EEG and Infrared Gaze Tracking

Published on: December 16, 2010

17.4K

Three Lessons Learned.

Jerome Kagan1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA jk@wjh.harvard.edu.

Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science
|July 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Child development research should consider measurement patterns, environmental context, and brain maturation. These factors influence how continuous variables relate during early childhood, refining psychological assumptions.

Keywords:
child developmentscientific methodology

More Related Videos

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
07:59

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

Published on: June 14, 2019

8.5K
Author Spotlight: Evaluating Clinicians' Adoption of Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Cannulation Through Simulation Training
05:04

Author Spotlight: Evaluating Clinicians' Adoption of Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Cannulation Through Simulation Training

Published on: August 9, 2024

1.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Combining Computer Game-Based Behavioural Experiments With High-Density EEG and Infrared Gaze Tracking
13:40

Combining Computer Game-Based Behavioural Experiments With High-Density EEG and Infrared Gaze Tracking

Published on: December 16, 2010

17.4K
Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
07:59

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

Published on: June 14, 2019

8.5K
Author Spotlight: Evaluating Clinicians' Adoption of Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Cannulation Through Simulation Training
05:04

Author Spotlight: Evaluating Clinicians' Adoption of Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Cannulation Through Simulation Training

Published on: August 9, 2024

1.9K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Child Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Traditional psychological research often relies on single variables, potentially overlooking complex developmental interactions.
  • Early assumptions in child psychology may not fully account for contextual and maturational influences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To revise foundational assumptions in child development research based on 60 years of observations.
  • To advocate for a more holistic approach integrating diverse factors into psychological concepts.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal observation and analysis of varied developmental data over six decades.
  • Re-evaluation of established psychological concepts in light of new empirical patterns.

Main Results:

  • Shift towards conceptualizing development based on patterns of multiple measurements, not isolated variables.
  • Integration of environmental, demographic (gender, social class, culture), and procedural factors into developmental concepts.
  • Recognition of dynamic relationships between continuous variables influenced by early childhood brain maturation.

Conclusions:

  • Child development theories need to incorporate multi-variable patterns and contextual elements for greater accuracy.
  • Understanding the interplay between brain maturation and variable relationships is crucial for early childhood psychology.
  • Revised assumptions offer a more nuanced framework for contemporary child development research.