Septic shock due to Pasteurella multocida bacteremia: a case report

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Bacteriology
• Public Health

Background:

• Pasteurella is a Gram-negative coccobacillus transmitted from animal bites, posing a risk for human infections.
• The increasing prevalence of pet ownership in American households elevates the incidence of pet-related zoonotic diseases.

Observation:

• An 82-year-old woman with comorbidities presented with symptoms of severe infection, including fever, vomiting, and diarrhea.
• She developed septic shock and was diagnosed with Pasteurella multocida bacteremia following exposure to her pet cat.
• Her clinical course was complicated by cardiac arrest, highlighting the severity of the infection.

Findings:

• Pasteurella multocida bacteremia can lead to critical illness, requiring intensive care interventions such as vasopressors and mechanical ventilation.
• The case suggests potential skin or respiratory tract as portals of entry for Pasteurella multocida.
• Treatment with imipenem-cilastatin resulted in patient recovery after a prolonged hospitalization.

Implications:

• Pasteurella bacteremia has a significant mortality rate, ranging from 7% to 31%.
• Healthcare providers should maintain a high index of suspicion for Pasteurella infections, especially in elderly and immunocompromised individuals.
• Increased awareness and timely diagnosis are essential for managing severe Pasteurella infections in the context of rising pet ownership.