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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
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Circadian Clocks in the Hematologic System.

David Pritchett1, Akhilesh B Reddy2

  • 1Institute of Metabolic Science, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK.

Journal of Biological Rhythms
|July 12, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circadian rhythms influence blood cell functions, impacting immunity, clotting, and oxygen transport. Understanding these biological clocks is crucial for optimizing medical treatments and health outcomes.

Keywords:
Circadian rhythmsclock geneserythrocytesleukocytesthrombocytes

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Chronobiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The hematologic system comprises erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes, essential for oxygen transport, immune response, and hemostasis.
  • Circadian rhythms, or daily biological cycles, are demonstrably present in the function of all three major blood cell types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the circadian rhythms in hematologic cells.
  • To explore the mechanistic underpinnings of these rhythms.
  • To highlight the clinical implications of these daily oscillations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on circadian rhythms in erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes.
  • Analysis of existing research on the molecular mechanisms driving these rhythms.
  • Synthesis of clinical data linking hematologic circadian rhythms to disease incidence and treatment efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Circadian rhythms exist in erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes, indicating a non-transcriptional clock in anucleate red blood cells.
  • Leukocyte rhythms correlate with daily variations in allergic reactions, inflammatory diseases, and infection response.
  • Thrombocyte rhythms may explain daily fluctuations in heart attack and stroke incidence.

Conclusions:

  • The timing of medical treatments may significantly impact their efficacy due to circadian variations in blood cell function.
  • Circadian disruption in the hematologic system is linked to adverse health effects from poor diet, shift work, and alcohol.
  • Further research into hematologic circadian biology is warranted for therapeutic advancements.