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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
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Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:23

Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
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Updated: Apr 7, 2026

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
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[Gout: what's new?].

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    Gout research is advancing, with new diagnostic tools and treatments improving patient care. Understanding gout prevalence and its comorbidities is key for effective management and treatment adherence.

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    Area of Science:

    • Rheumatology
    • Epidemiology
    • Pharmacology

    Context:

    • Gout prevalence in Metropolitan France is 0.9%, with ongoing research into its epidemiology and genetics.
    • New diagnostic tools, like a primary care rule and ultrasound for urate crystal detection, are improving gout diagnosis.
    • Gout is linked to comorbidities influencing disease development and treatment choices.

    Purpose:

    • To review recent advancements in gout research, including epidemiology, genetics, diagnostics, and novel therapeutic strategies.
    • To highlight the performance of new diagnostic criteria and imaging techniques in clinical practice.
    • To discuss current and emerging treatments for acute and chronic gout, emphasizing urate-lowering therapies.

    Summary:

    • Recent research has identified new genetic loci for gout and validated a simple diagnostic rule for primary care.
    • Ultrasound offers non-invasive detection of urate crystals, aiding diagnosis.
    • Current treatments include low-dose colchicine for acute flares and xanthine-oxidase inhibitors for urate lowering. Emerging therapies target urate transporters and urate catabolism.

    Impact:

    • Improved diagnostic accuracy and accessibility in primary care settings.
    • Development of targeted therapies, including biologics and novel urate-lowering agents, to manage gout effectively.
    • Enhanced patient management through education, improving adherence to chronic gout treatment regimens.