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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.

Understanding the variety of primary symptoms and systemic complications that characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial for healthcare professionals.
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Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Establishment of a Mouse Model with Cough Hypersensitivity via Inhalation of Citric Acid

Establishment of a Mouse Model with Cough Hypersensitivity via Inhalation of Citric Acid

Published on: January 10, 2025

Chronic Cough.

Adalberto Pacheco¹, Alfredo de Diego², Christian Domingo³

¹Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España.

Archivos De Bronconeumologia

|July 14, 2015

Summary

Chronic cough (CC), a persistent cough lasting over 8 weeks, is now viewed as a hypersensitivity syndrome. Understanding peripheral and central nervous system factors is key to improving treatment outcomes for this common condition.

Keywords:

Agentes antitusivos Antittusive agents Aspiración respiratoria Cough Disfunción de cuerdas vocales Gastroesophageal reflux Reflujo gastroesofágico Respiratory aspiration Tos Vocal cord dysfunction

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Last Updated: Apr 7, 2026

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Published on: September 27, 2024

Area of Science:

Pulmonology
Neurology

Background:

Chronic cough (CC) diagnosis and treatment paradigms have evolved since the 1970s.
Current approaches are challenged by suboptimal treatment success in two-thirds of cases.

Purpose of the Study:

To re-evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for chronic cough.
To highlight the shift in understanding CC as a hypersensitivity syndrome.

Main Methods:

Review of recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology of chronic cough.
Analysis of the role of peripheral and central nervous system mechanisms.

Main Results:

Advances have altered traditional views on chronic cough management.
Central nervous system hypersensitivity is recognized as a critical factor.

Conclusions:

Chronic cough management requires considering both peripheral receptor involvement and central hypersensitivity.
A new therapeutic approach focusing on hypersensitivity is emerging for effective CC treatment.