STIM1 Mediates Hypoxia-Driven Hepatocarcinogenesis via Interaction with HIF-1

Hypoxia and intracellular Ca(2+) transients are fundamental traits of cancer, whereas the route and regulation of Ca(2+) mobilization in hypoxic tumorigenesis are unknown. Here, we show that stromal-interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), an ER Ca(2+) sensor, correlates with elevated hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) in hypoxic hepatocarcinoma cells (HCCs) and is upregulated during hepatocarcinoma growth. HIF-1 directly controls STIM1 transcription and contributes to store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE). STIM1-mediated SOCE is also required for HIF-1 accumulation in hypoxic HCCs via activation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and p300. Administration of YC-1, a HIF-1 inhibitor, or knockdown of HIF1A significantly diminishes hypoxia-enhanced STIM1 and suppresses tumorigenesis. Moreover, ectopic expression of STIM1 or HIF-1α partially reverses impaired growth of tumors treated with YC-1. These results suggest a mutual dependency and regulation of STIM1 and HIF-1 in controlling Ca(2+) mobilization and hypoxic tumor growth and highlight a potential target for early hypoxia-related intervention.